1. According to the force mode of bolt connection, it can be divided into ordinary and reamed holes. Ordinary bolts mainly bear axial force, and can also bear lateral force with low requirements. Bolts for reamed holes should be the same size as the hole and used when subjected to lateral force.
2. According to the shape of the head: there are hexagonal heads, round heads, square heads, countersunk heads, stud bolts, etc. Among them, the hexagonal head is commonly used. Generally, the countersunk head is used in places where the surface after the connection bolt is required to be smooth and without protrusions, because the countersunk head can be screwed into the component. The round head can also be screwed into the part. The tightening force of the square head can be larger, but the size is large. 3. In addition, there are special uses: T-slot bolts, which are mostly used on machine tool fixtures, with special shapes, and the two sides of the head must be cut off. Anchor bolts are used to connect and fix machines to the ground, and there are many shapes.
4. There are also special studs for welding for stud bolts and anchor bolts. One end has threads and the other end does not. They can be welded on the component and the nut can be screwed directly on the other side. Installation method of stud bolts
1. The installation process characteristics of stud bolts. Lubricating oil must be used when installing stud bolts. This is to prevent the bolts from getting stuck when screwed in, and to enable disassembly and repeated installation. In order to ensure the tightness of the fastening end of the stud bolt and the thread of the equipment body, the stud bolt will not loosen during the installation and removal of the nut. Therefore, the fastening end of the stud bolt should be waved to give a certain interference to the rear middle diameter. A shoulder structure can be used, or the depth of the last few turns of thread is shallow to tighten. When the stud bolt is installed in a soft material thread machine, the interference can be slightly larger.
2. The axis of the stud bolt must be perpendicular to the surface of the body. This must be noted when drilling the bottom hole and tapping. Use a square to check during installation. When the axis is slightly tilted from the surface of the body, the screw hole can be corrected with a tap, or the installed stud bolt can be used for correction. When the tilt is large, it is not allowed to use strong correction to prevent the bolt from being damaged.
3. Stud bolts are used to connect the fixed link function of the machine. Both ends of the stud bolts have threads, and the screw in the middle is thick or thin, sometimes called stud screws. Stud bolts are mainly used in mining machinery, bridges, automobiles, motorcycles, boiler steel structures, cranes, large-span steel structures and large buildings.
The production process of stud bolts The production of stud bolts requires fixed equipment and machine tool processing. Of course, the processing procedure is relatively simple. There are mainly the following processes: First, it is necessary to pull the material. Pulling the material is to use a puller to straighten the distorted material. After this process, the next process can be carried out. The next process is to use a cutting machine to cut the straightened long material into the length required by the customer according to the customer's requirements. This completes the second process. The third process is to put the cut short material on the thread rolling machine to roll out the thread; here the ordinary stud bolts are processed. Of course, if other requirements are required, other processes are required.
The surface treatment method of stud bolts is mainly to judge the quality of the surface treatment of stud bolts, and to check whether the anti-corrosion ability of stud bolts is effectively increased, and whether the increase is in line with the expected requirements. After surface treatment, stud bolts can present a more beautiful appearance, and the anti-corrosion ability of stud bolts themselves will also be improved. The more important purpose is to make the stud bolts themselves have anti-corrosion ability, so as to increase the reliability and adaptability of the use of stud bolts. Electroplating, hot-dip galvanizing, and mechanical plating are the most commonly used methods for the surface of stud bolts. The following are introduced separately: 1. Electroplating of stud bolts
Electroplating of stud bolts refers to immersing the part of the bolt that needs to be electroplated in a specific aqueous solution. The aqueous solution will contain some deposited metal compounds. After the current passes through the aqueous solution, the metal substances in the solution precipitate and adhere to the immersed part of the stud bolt. Electroplating of stud bolts generally includes zinc plating, copper plating, etc. 2. Hot-dip galvanizing of stud screws
Hot-dip galvanizing of stud screws is to immerse the carbon steel screws into a melting tank with a temperature of about 510 degrees Celsius, so that the iron-zinc alloy on the surface of the stud screws will be converted into zinc nitride, thereby obtaining a surface treatment effect.
3. Mechanical plating of stud screws
Mechanical plating of stud screws refers to the use of specific physical and chemical means to impact the surface of the screw with the powder of the coating metal, so that the coating metal is formed on the surface of the stud screw through cold welding to achieve a surface treatment effect. Mechanical plating of stud screws is mainly suitable for spare parts such as screws, nuts and gaskets. Application of stainless steel equal-length stud bolts
1. Used in large-scale equipment, accessories need to be installed, such as sight glasses, mechanical seal seats, reducer racks, etc. At this time, the stud bolts are used. One end is screwed into the main body, and the other end is nutted after the accessories are installed. Since the accessories are often disassembled, when the main body and accessories are directly connected by bolts, the main body thread will wear or damage over time, and it is very convenient to replace them with stud bolts.
2. Stud bolts are used when the thickness of the connecting body is very large and the bolt length is very long. Maintenance method of stud bolts
1. Stud bolts always keep the vent of the vibrator unobstructed (blockage can easily lead to oil leakage). If oil is still leaking after unobstructed, the oil seal should be replaced. 2. The normal working temperature of the bearing should not exceed 75℃. Because the new vibrator has a running-in process, the temperature may be slightly higher, but after running for 8 hours, the temperature should stabilize. If the temperature continues to be too high, the oil level, oil level and oil cleanliness should be checked. 3. Ensure that the labyrinth groove is filled with grease. When working in dusty places, grease should be added more frequently. 4. When replacing the V-belt, the motor anchor bolts should be completely loosened, and the V-belt should be easily placed in the pulley groove. It is not allowed to use sticks or other objects to spread the V-belt. The tension of the V-belt must be appropriate and the pulley must be aligned. After the first adjustment of the tension, work for 48 hours and readjust it again. 5. The bolts connecting the vibrator and the screen box are not allowed to be replaced by ordinary bolts. The tightening condition must be checked regularly, at least once a month. If any of the bolts is loose, it will also cause other bolts to cut off and cause damage to the screen machine.
6. Where the ring groove rivets are used for connection, high-strength bolts are allowed to be used instead. All contact surfaces or holes should be free of iron filings, ash, oil, rust and burrs.
7. The high-strength bolts, nuts and washers used must meet the requirements of the "Technical Conditions for High-Strength Large Hexagon Bolts, Large Hexagon Nuts and Washers for Steel Structures".
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